Optimizing the effect of gestational hypertension on sex-specific neonatal anthropometric characteristics and Apgar score

The study aimed to investigate the effect of gestational hypertension on neonatal anthropometric characteristics and Apgar scores, with particular consideration of sex differences among neonates. Maternal and neonatal anthropometric characteristics were obtained using direct standard anthropometric protocol. Diagnosis of gestational hypertension was established based on standard clinical criteria, while socio-demographic data were collected structured questionnaire. Clinicians recorded the mode of delivery and Apgar scores of the newborns at birth. Chi-square tests, ANOVA, correlation, and stepwise-forward regression analyses were performed at a significance level of p < 0.05 (*). Place of residence and educational status shows significant associations with gestational hypertension. Maternal age, WHR, percentage body fat and Apgar score differ between the two groups (η² = 0.004–0.049*). Gestational hypertension correlated with maternal weight, height, BMI, WHR, % body fat and Apgar score of the newborn (r= -0.430–0.467). A final regression model predicted gestational hypertension based on Apgar score (adjusted R²= 0.035, p = 0.077). The study contributes to understanding the role of gestational hypertension in influencing the Apgar score of newborns, emphasizing the importance of maternal blood pressure regulation for favourable on neonatal outcomes. Understanding the effect of gestational hypertension on neonatal features has implications for the close monitoring and early intervention in the treatment and management of maternal blood pressure during pregnancy.