AI-Guided Real-Time Feedback Enhances Clinical Photography Training in Dentistry: A Pilot Randomized Study on Workflow and Skill Development

Introduction: This pilot randomized controlled trial e A Pilot Randomized Study on Workflow and Skill Development valuates the efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven real-time feedback in optimizing intraoral photography workflows and enhancing clinical photography skills among dental students. Methods: Thirty-two first-year dental students were randomized into two groups after standardized training: a control group using the conventional four-handed technique and an intervention group using a solo-operated workflow enhanced by AI-driven real-time feedback. Participants completed basic and advanced intraoral photography tasks. Outcomes included photographic quality (expert and AI ratings), task completion time, student self-efficacy, and patient comfort. Data were analyzed using t-tests, Mann-Whitney tests, and Pearson correlation. Results: The AI-enhanced solo group achieved superior photographic quality (18.17 ± 1.722 vs 15.83 ± 3.189, p > 0.05), faster task completion times (149.6 ± 16.18 vs 173.3 ± 16.42 seconds, p < 0.05), and greater self-efficacy gains (31.25% vs 18.75%). Patient discomfort was significantly lower in the solo group (93.33% vs 86.66%). Conclusion: The solo-operated workflow enhanced by AI-driven feedback significantly improves photographic quality, procedural efficiency, learner confidence, and patient comfort in dental photography training. This approach offers a scalable, patient-centered model for clinical skill development. Clinical trial number: Not applicable.