Assessing the Mechanical Properties of Cement-Based Composite Material with Partial Replacement of Cement by Sundried Cashew Nut Powder

This study investigates the ability of sun-dried cashew-nut powder (CNP) to serve as a renewable partial replacement for cement in concrete manufacturing. The objective of this research is to examine the mechanical properties and longevity of cement-based composites enhanced with different amounts of CNP. Specific objectives are: to define the chemical, mineralogical and physical attributes of CNP, to measure mechanical performance at replacement levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, to establish durability indicators and to establish optimum level of CNP replacement. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), particle size distribution, and sieve analysis help define CNP. Cubic specimens with CNP at age twenty-eight and seven days are examined for, flexural resistance, resistance to compression, Stiffness (Elastic Modulus) and resistance to tensile cracking. Accelerated chloride permeability tests and water absorption tests are used to evaluate durability. The mix ratio is optimized and the relationship of CNP content, water-binder ratio, and curing time is studied with the help of response surface methodology. The study aims to ascertain a CNP replacement level that achieves the highest mechanical properties and long-term life with the lowest environmental impact of cement manufacturing. Anticipated outcomes envision CNP as a viable, sustainable cement replacement, thereby enhancing the performance and sustainability of concrete. Especially in regions where cashews are cultivated, this research invites the use of agricultural waste and offers practical guidance for green building practice in Nigeria. It also serves as the foundation for subsequent studies on long-term performance and extended application of CNP-modified concrete for infrastructure development next year.