Decarbonization of Helicopters: Challenges for the Engine Manufacturer of Compatibility with Saf 100% Drop-In

The document discusses the challenges in decarbonizing helicopter engines by using 100% Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) as a drop-in alternative to conventional jet fuel. It highlights the need for helicopter engines to adapt to these fuels without requiring modifications to existing systems. The variability in the chemical composition of SAFs, which impacts fuel properties like viscosity, surface tension, and distillation, poses significant challenges for engine operability, including ignition and flame stability. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding how these properties affect combustion performance, pollutant emissions, and engine reliability. It also explores how different SAF compositions influence the production of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and fine particles. Safran's research through various projects has provided insights into how these fuels perform in real-world conditions, revealing that some physico-chemical properties of 100% drop-in SAF must be controlled in future aviation fuel standards.