Evaluation of one health knowledge attitudes and practices and their associations with health outcomes in a suburban Nigerian setting
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Background
The One Health (OH) approach recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. Yet little is known about how knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to OH influence health outcomes in suburban populations which are transitional zones between rural and urban areas.
Objective
To assess the OH KAP of residents in Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, and determine their association with self-reported health outcomes.
Methods
An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 adults (≥ 18 years). Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed with chi-square and multivariate logistic regression at a 95% confidence level.
Results
Overall, 55.4% of participants had poor OH knowledge, 33.1% negative attitudes, and 83.1% poor practices. Knowledge was significantly associated with age (χ² = 9.98, p = 0.041), education (χ² = 12.48, p = 0.014), and occupation (χ² = 15.85, p = 0.007). Participants with higher knowledge were more likely to report good health (AOR = 0.54; 95% CI 0.25–1.17; p = 0.12), and those with better practices were also more likely to have healthy outcomes (AOR = 0.44; 95% CI 0.13–1.45; p = 0.18).
Conclusions
Findings indicate low OH awareness and poor practices among suburban residents, with knowledge and practice patterns influencing health status. Strengthening community-level OH education, integrating health, veterinary, and environmental programs, and promoting intersectoral collaboration can improve public health outcomes in similar suburban settings.
