Forming Meaningful Connections: A Mixed-Methods Survey Study of Hybrid Doctor of Physical Therapy Students' Insights, Well-Being, and Recommendations on Fostering Belonging
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Background A sense of belonging, feeling accepted, respected, and supported, is crucial for student success. Hybrid Doctor of Physical Therapist Educational Programs (PTEPs), which blend online and in-person learning, present unique challenges to fostering belonging. This study explored students' insights on belonging in hybrid PTEPs, identifying facilitators and barriers and the relationship with well-being, leading to program recommendations. Methods This cross-sectional, mixed-methods survey study of 138 students enrolled in 18 hybrid PTEPs measured belonging, explored belonging factors, and linked well-being with belonging. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, tests of association, and unadjusted odds ratios, while open responses underwent inductive qualitative coding. Results Students demonstrated above-average belonging (3.38/5; SD 0.92), with academic belonging (3.71, SD 0.90) rated higher than interpersonal belonging (2.98, SD 0.96). A sense of belonging demonstrated protective effects against anxiety (OR 2.62, 95CI: 1.22, 5.62) and was associated with positive well-being (OR 2.68, 95CI: 1.29, 5.59). Students endorsed faculty and peer respect, a welcoming culture, and in-person experiences as the most substantial contributors to belonging. While most (76.7%) identified the hybrid format as a barrier, inclusive online learning environments and student-led communication supported belonging. Qualitative themes for belonging included motivation to belong, opportunities for connection, program policies and faculty/administration support, and relational competencies. Conclusion While hybrid PTEPs foster a sense of belonging, gaps in interpersonal connections persist. Programs should implement strategies to enhance faculty and peer support, structured interactions, and face-to-face engagements while also integrating mental health resources to strengthen student connections and well-being.
