Economic Loss Assessment of Lumpy Skin Disease Outbreak in Cattle of Bangladesh

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) represents a significant economic threat to cattle in Bangladesh, with its initial report dating back to 2019. This investigation evaluated the financial impacts linked to LSD outbreaks across eight divisions, emphasizing both direct and indirect expenses. Data collection involved 430 farmers and encompassed 2,541 cattle, which were subsequently analyzed through epidemiological and economic models. Crossbred cattle represented 73.4% of the sample and exhibited higher morbidity rates at 32%, along with greater milk loss amounting to BDT 2,754 per cattle. In contrast, native breeds had a morbidity rate of 25.5% and a milk loss of BDT 1,870. The overall mortality rates stood at 4.96%, with native breeds showing a marginally elevated rate of 5.78% compared to crossbred cattle, which had a rate of 4.66%. The total direct economic losses per cattle amounted to BDT 12,020 for crossbred cattle and BDT 8,892 for native cattle, encompassing factors such as milk production and weight loss. The average indirect costs, including factors like isolation and extra management, were BDT 2,204 for crossbred cattle and BDT 507 for native breeds. The overall economic loss was assessed at BDT 8,203.22 crore on a national scale, with local cattle accounting for 76% of the losses attributed to their population size. Farmers encountered significant obstacles such as diminished productivity, rising veterinary expenses, and heightened emotional strain. The findings emphasize the unequal economic strain on crossbred cattle and reveal regional variations in the effects of disease. The investigation highlights the necessity for improved veterinary services, education for farmers, and biosecurity protocols to alleviate the economic and psychological impacts of LSD. Focused strategies have the potential to enhance cattle well-being, protect economic stability, and strengthen the robustness of the livestock industry in Bangladesh.