livelihood transformation and social networks in Nubian displacement: lessons from the Aswan High Dam

Establishing the Aswan High Dam in Egypt during the 1960s signifies one of the most impactful instances of development-induced displacement in contemporary history, significantly altering Nubian populations' lives and economic activities. This research rigorously investigates the enduring social and economic repercussions of this displacement by juxtaposing the experiences of two distinct groups: households displaced in Nasr El Nuba and residents of Heissa Island who remained in situ. Employing the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF), the study incorporates an innovative sixth dimension, adaptive capacity, to evaluate the ways in which the affected communities modified their livelihoods and social affiliations in response to the upheaval. Through comprehensive interviews with 30 participants and thematic analysis, the investigation reveals that, although displaced Nubians faced considerable degradation of their natural capital, including agricultural land and fishing rights, they exhibited extraordinary adaptability by transitioning to alternative livelihoods, such as tourism, government employment, and overseas labour. In contrast, residents of Heissa Island capitalized on social cohesion and cultural tourism to maintain their economic stability and preserve their identity. The results emphasize the critical importance of community networks and cultural heritage in bolstering resilience during periods of displacement. The study further elucidates the deterioration of social connections in urbanized resettlement environments and the increasing vulnerability associated with reliance on external income streams. By contrasting the experiences of displaced and non-displaced Nubians, this research contributes to global discourses regarding development, cultural identity, and recovery following displacement. It advocates for implementing more inclusive resettlement initiatives that enhance community adaptability, safeguard cultural continuity, and promote sustainable livelihoods. The paper recommends the extension of the SLF to integrate adaptive resilience as a fundamental analytical construct within displacement research.