Homonegativity as a barrier to HIV testing intention: A qualitative study of Asian American Men Who Have Sex with Men

Members of sexual minority groups often receive HIV diagnosis at later stages and are less likely to get tested. However, little is known about how HIV testing intention is shaped among Asian American men who have sex with men (MSM). This study explored socio-psychological factors that can influence the intention of HIV testing in this population. Using convenience sampling, we conducted three focus group discussions among Asian American MSM, regardless of their HIV testing history and HIV status. Data were analyzed employing a thematic analysis approach. We found divergent perspectives around factors influencing participants’ HIV testing intention. Facilitators of HIV testing intention included high levels of approval of testing by sex partners and health care providers. Homonegativity (negative attitudes towards homosexuality) and concerns about confidentiality of testing services were discussed as barriers to HIV testing intention among this population group. Social norms about HIV testing among general Asian community were reported to be less positive relative to among gay men groups. These findings will inform targeted programs promoting positive social views towards HIV testing and mitigating prejudices towards homosexuality in Asian American community.