Improvements in competition performance of track and field athletes following a personalized nutrition intervention: A mixed methods approach

Background Personalized nutrition interventions tailored to athletes' needs are essential for enhanced performance and well-being. However, limited research has explored the effectiveness of nutrition interventions in improving competition performance. This study used quantitative and qualitative methods to assess the impact of an evidence-based, culturally accepted, personalized sports nutrition intervention on the competition performance and general well-being of track and field athletes in Sri Lanka. Methods Fourteen national-level athletes who completed a 16-week nutrition intervention participated in the study. Both performance data and qualitative insights were gathered through in-depth interviews focusing on the athletes' experiences with the intervention. A directed content analysis was conducted on the qualitative data. Results The study population (mean age: 23.0 ± 3.9 years, 57.1% male) included 14 athletes specializing in sprinting, middle-distance running, long-distance running, jumping, and throwing. As a result of the intervention, participants reported reduced fatigue, enhanced performance, and improved well-being. Moreover, one athlete set a national record, six achieved personal bests, and four recorded seasonal bests during competition. They adhered to dietary recommendations and prescribed vitamins and supplements, acknowledging the importance of proper dietary habits including nutritional supplements in boosting performance. Almost all athletes reported performance gains with respective ergogenic supplements, including caffeine (13/14), bicarbonate (3/4), creatine (3/3), beta-alanine (5/6), and beetroot juice (3/3). Five athletes reported fewer injuries and illnesses following the intervention, and two athletes reported that hydration advice enhanced their performance. Despite the positive outcomes, adverse effects were reported from the prescribed vitamins and supplements, including constipation, sleeplessness, and abdominal discomfort. Almost all respondents expressed satisfaction with the consultation setting, sports nutrition intervention, tests and investigations conducted, and the research team's efforts, indicating a positive reception to the overall intervention process. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of personalized, culturally specific sports nutrition interventions in improving athletic performance and general well-being.