Unlocking Problem-Solving Skills in STEM Education: A Bibliometric Review of Teaching Trends for Science Education Majors

STEM education (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) plays a critical role in fostering problem-solving skills, which are essential for the 21st-century workforce. This bibliometric review explores the evolution of research on problem-solving within STEM education, focusing on teaching methodologies that enhance students' ability to address complex, real-world challenges. Using Scopus as the primary database, this study analyzes publications from 2010 to 2025, identifying key trends, research patterns, and the impact of various teaching strategies. The findings highlight the growing importance of Project-Based Learning (PBL) and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in developing problem-solving skills among students. Moreover, cognitive functions such as working memory, spatial reasoning, and executive functions are shown to play a significant role in effective problem-solving in STEM contexts. The analysis highlights the growing use of technology, such as mobile learning and immersive tools, in STEM education to enhance problem-solving skills. These technologies enable real-world simulations, fostering hands-on learning and critical thinking. The study also emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches, combining STEM with other fields to promote creativity and collaboration, preparing students to tackle future challenges with essential problem-solving skills.