Circular Economy Perspectives: Challenges, Innovations, and Sustainable Futures
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The Circular Economy (CE) has attracted considerable global attention as a key strategy for sustainability, waste reduction and resource efficiency. This review systematically analyses more than 160 peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 and 2025 to assess CE innovations, implementation challenges and policy effectiveness across sectors. The results reveal that technological advances (e.g. AI, blockchain, IoT) are accelerating the adoption of CE, but regulatory fragmentation and financial barriers hinder large-scale implementation. Despite the existence of effective CE policies in developed countries, the disparities in regulatory frameworks give rise to inconsistencies in global adoption. Future research should concentrate on standardised CE metrics, AI-driven optimisation, and harmonised regulations to increase effectiveness.
