Effects of a 12-Week Supervised Exercise Program on the Quality of Life and Biological Parameters of Women with Breast Cancer: A Prospective Study

Purpose Physical exercise is an effective supportive strategy in oncology, yet its implementation remains limited, particularly in patients with metastatic breast cancer. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 12-week supervised multicomponent exercise program on quality of life, functional capacity, and biological parameters in women undergoing treatment for breast cancer. Methods A total of 44 women with early or metastatic breast cancer were enrolled; 29 completed the full intervention and assessments. The program consisted of supervised aerobic, resistance, mobility, and neuromuscular training three times per week. Quality of life was assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Strength, body composition, functional mobility (Functional Movement Screen, FMS), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and laboratory markers (RDW, HDL, cholesterol profile) were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. Results Significant improvements were observed in global quality of life (+ 19.5%, p  = 0.002), physical function ( p  = 0.006), emotional function ( p  = 0.003), and fatigue reduction ( p  = 0.007). The FMS total score increased significantly ( p  = 0.001), and 6MWT distance improved by 110 meters ( p  < 0.001). Biochemical analyses showed a significant reduction in RDW ( p  = 0.005), a pro-inflammatory marker, and an increase in HDL cholesterol ( p  = 0.007). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion A 12-week supervised exercise program is feasible and beneficial for women with breast cancer, including those with metastatic disease. It improves quality of life, functional mobility, and markers of systemic inflammation. These findings support the integration of structured exercise into routine oncologic care.