Comparative Evaluation of Chemical and Morphological Analysis of MTA and Bacterial Cellulose reinforced MTA: An In Vitro Study

Aim This study aimed to evaluate and compare the morphological and elemental characteristics of conventional Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Bacterial Cellulose-Reinforced MTA (BC-MTA) using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Materials and Methods Cylindrical molds (6 mm in diameter × 4 mm in height) were fabricated from plexiglass in accordance with ASTM E385 standards using CNC laser cutting. Two groups were evaluated: Group 1 comprised conventional MTA (MTA Plus™), and Group 2 comprised BC-MTA (Vedayukt India Pvt. Ltd.). The prepared samples were incubated under fully saturated conditions at 37°C for 24 hours. Following incubation, samples underwent morphological evaluation using TEM and elemental analysis using EDX. Statistical analysis was conducted using Student’s t-test, with results expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). A p-value < 0.0001 was considered highly statistically significant (α = 0.05). Results TEM imaging revealed distinct structural differences between MTA and BC-MTA, with BC-MTA exhibiting a more aggregated nanoparticle morphology. EDX analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences in elemental composition between the two groups (p < 0.0001), confirming the influence of bacterial cellulose incorporation on the physiochemical properties of MTA. Conclusion The incorporation of bacterial cellulose into MTA resulted in notable structural and elemental modifications, potentially enhancing its mechanical strength and bioactivity. These findings suggest that BC-MTA holds promise as an improved bioactive material in pediatric endodontic and restorative applications. Further clinical studies are warranted to assess its long-term efficacy and biocompatibility.