Analysis of human factors in aircraft accidents on the apron based on H-S-TER model

To enhance the comprehensiveness and systematicness of human factor analysis in aircraft accidents on the apron, this paper integrates the environmental adaptability of the SHEL model, the failure traceability mechanism of the HFACS model, and the accident chain tracking advantage of the TER model to construct the H-S-TER composite analysis model. This model, through the ternary structure of trigger factors, unsafe behaviors, and result events, realizes the multi-level deconstruction of human-caused factors from organizational management to the operation interface. Based on the weighted directed network topology analysis, combined with indicators such as node weighted degree, network density, average path length, and clustering coefficient, the risk transmission mechanism is quantified, and key causal nodes are identified. The case analysis shows that the coupling of operational layer mistakes (pilot judgment errors) and organizational layer loopholes (lack of training supervision) is the core cause of the accident, and the network topological features (density 0.3333, average path 0.9444) further amplify the risk transmission efficiency. In addition, through the coordinate axis method and trigger factor classification, the commonalities of multiple events are revealed, and multi-dimensional collaborative defense strategies are proposed. It is verified that the system control of low-weight high-association nodes can effectively suppress risks. The research shows that the H-S-TER model significantly optimizes the apron safety prevention and control efficiency through a "low input - high benefit" path, providing theoretical support and practical reference for aviation human factor analysis.