Innovative strategy for extraction of green cardamom via Super critical fluid extractor at different levels of pressure with its application against microorganisms in vitro and in silico

There is broad approach in the search for resource-use strategies that are both economically viable and value-based is the extraction of active compounds from various plants. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), has become a popular technique for extraction significant plant-based compounds. Our investigation contrasted the yield, biological functions and phytochemical compositions of green cardamom extracts generated with SFE at 100, 200, and 300 bar of pressures. The maximal obtained weight was 0.279 gm upon applying 300 bar. There is a proportional elevation in the levels of most of phenolic compounds which detected using HPLC upon raising the pressure levels for extraction. Antimicrobial action of extract types towards test food-born microbes where the produced extract at 300 bar had the maximal antimicrobial action towards Bacillus subtilis , and Candida albicans with inhibition zones 23.33 ± 0.58, and 22.17 ± 1.04 mm, subsequently. Antibiofilm and hemolysis inhibition in presence of test microbes of various extract forms reveal the potential impact of raising pressure for extraction to enhance impact of extract to reach maximal level at 300 bar. Killing kinetics assay showed the gradual raise of the green cardamom extract versus test microbes at various time points where the extract at 300 bar had the best outcomes. Transmission electron microscopy visualized alterations in ultrastructure features of B. subtilis and C. albicans using the green cardamom extract produced at 300 bar. The molecular docking performance of the main constituents in green cardamom extracts gallic acid and syringic acid against B. subtilis (PDB ID: 5VX6) and S. aureus (PDB ID: 3V8J) using the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software was evaluated. The docking scores (S), RMSD_refine values, and energy terms (E_conf, E_place, E_score1, E_refine, E_score2) were analyzed to assess binding affinities. Key interactions, including hydrogen bonds, were identified, with distances and energies quantified. Syringic acid exhibited better binding (S = -4.27 to -5.04) compared to gallic acid (S = -4.11 to -4.68) across both targets. Interactions with residues like GLU 187 and ARG 172 in 5VX6, and ASP 239 in 3V8J, highlighted critical binding motifs. These results suggest both compounds as potential inhibitors for bacterial targets, warranting further experimental validation.