Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis: Genomic Variant Analysis and Protein Dysfunction Susceptibility in a Brazilian Cohort

Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a debilitating condition often affecting immunocompetent patients with underlying structural lung diseases, particularly pulmonary tuberculosis. This study investigates single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in immunogenetic-related genes among a Brazilian cohort with CPA. Twelve patients with confirmed CPA, based on ESCMID/ERS criteria, were sequenced using NGS technology. Variants were annotated, classified using ACMG guidelines, and analyzed for potential impact on protein interactions and immune pathways. A set of SNVs in CX3CR1, IL12B, IL4R, PTX3 , CCR5 and IFNG genes were classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUS), but protein–protein interaction analysis suggests a potential role in immune evasion and dysfunction. This is the first study to apply a custom multigenic panel for CPA susceptibility in a Brazilian cohort, contributing to future functional and clinical studies in fungal immunogenetics.