To Study The Effect of Component alignment on outcome of total knee arthroplasty

OBJECTIVE The present study used radiological parameters in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes to investigate the influence of component alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on early postoperative functional outcomes. Materials and Methods The analysis of 26 cases over a 4-month follow-up revealed significant associations between component alignment and functional outcomes. Pre-operatively hip, knee ankle (HKA) angle is measured on the weight-bearing full-length lower limb radiograph. Secondly angle between the mechanical and anatomical axes of the femur is measured. Thirdly, the knee society score is calculated to assess the functional status of the knee pre-operatively. An X-ray knee joint was done postoperatively on post op day 0. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the lower limb from the hip to the ankle joint was done within 2-3 days of surgery to check for post-operative component alignment. The components in discussion are femoral and tibial, and their alignment is checked in 3 planes, that is, coronal, axial, and sagittal. Lastly, the knee society score is again calculated postoperatively to assess the outcome of the surgery RESULT A clear improvement in functional outcomes postoperatively was evident. The functional Knee Society Score (KSS) increased significantly (P value < 0.001) from a preoperative mean of 84.2 ± 4.0 to 93.8 ± 4.4. Similar improvements were seen in objective and satisfaction scores, indicating both clinical and patient-perceived success of the surgery. Notably, the expectation score remained relatively unchanged ( p value = 0.327 ), suggesting that the surgical outcomes met most patients’ preoperative expectations. In the coronal plane, both femoral (r = +0.424, p = 0.031). and tibial(r = +0.926, p < 0.001). Component alignments showed positive correlations with functional outcomes. The sagittal alignment of both femoral (r = +0.816, p < 0.001). and tibial (r = -0.947, p < 0.001). Components had a highly significant correlation with functional outcomes. Unlike the coronal and sagittal planes, axial plane alignment of both femoral and tibial components did not demonstrate a statistically significant correlation with postoperative functional scores CONCLUSION The take-home message from this study is clear: meticulous preoperative planning, precise intraoperative technique, and careful component placement are essential for optimizing patient outcomes. While individualized strategies may benefit select patients, particularly those with unique anatomical or functional demands, mechanical alignment continues to offer the most consistent and reproducible results, especially in the context of long-term implant survival.