Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Facts and Fictions from Saudi Adults Perspective

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity that interfere with functioning and productivity. Aim: This study was conducted to assess the facts and fictions about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from Saudi adults' perspective. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional correlational research design was used on a sample of 586 Saudi adults who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a two-part self-reported online survey. Part one was the demographic data sheet and part two was a slightly modified version of the Knowledge and Opinion Scale on ADHD. The total ADHD Knowledge Scale score ranged from a minimum of zero to a maximum of 27, with a higher score indicating more knowledge. Data collectors explained the study in detail and obtained informed consent from all participants. Participants were assured of the confidentiality of the data collected. Results: The study revealed a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of the ADHD Knowledge Scale among participants from different demographic groups based on their marital status, educational level, occupation, knowledge of someone with a diagnosis of ADHD, source of information about ADHD, and their assessment of their own knowledge about ADHD. 62.5% agreed that most children with ADHD have attention problems when they become teenagers, and 49.8%, agreed that prescribed medicine often reduces a child’s propensity to exhibit aggression toward other people. The results indicated a statistically significant negative association between participants’ age and their ADHD knowledge scores, with younger participants having more correct knowledge about ADHD than their older counterparts do. Conclusion: Many people mistakenly view ADHD as a parental problem or a temporary condition, delaying diagnosis and professional intervention. Furthermore, stigma, fear of medication side effects, and mistrust of medical diagnoses also prevent families from seeking treatment, affecting the well-being of people with ADHD. The study highlights the need for widespread customized mental health education and awareness campaigns that address the unique Saudi cultural perspectives to reduce stigma and expand support for people with ADHD.