Subjective Life Expectancy and Associated Factors Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Depression: Evidence from the CHARLS

Background Subjective life expectancy (SLE) is an important indicator for predicting mortality, health, and retirement behavior. However, research on its relationship with depression remains limited. This study aims to explore this potential relationship and identify factors associated with SLE. Method Based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we used chi-square tests and logistic regression to analyze the differences in SLE between depressed and non-depressed Middle-Aged and Older Adults, and to assess the associated factors influencing SLE. Results The overall prevalence of depression among middle-aged and older adults was 36.8%. Depression was associated with a 45.5% lower likelihood of having a higher SLE compared to those without depression. Specifically, mild depression reduced this likelihood by 35.6%, moderate depression by 51.1%, and severe depression by 64%. Higher education level, having a spouse, living in urban areas, having enterprise and institutional pension insurance, self-rated as healthy, moderate drinking, engaging in exercise, satisfaction with children, and participation in social activities were identified as positive factors influencing SLE (P < 0.05), increasing the probability of having a higher SLE. Conversely, older age, impoverished households, ADL difficulties, suffering from chronic diseases, experiencing physical pain, insufficient sleep, and smoking were negative factors (P < 0.05), reducing the likelihood of having a higher SLE. Conclusion Depression is significantly negatively associated with SLE in middle-aged and older adults, with more severe depression linked to lower SLE. To effectively improve mental health and enhance SLE in this population, the government should strengthen early identification and intervention for depression.