Validity and Reliability of the Amro Adapted Participation Questionnaire (AAPQ) for Use among Elderly Arab Populations

Background Participation, defined as involvement in life situations, is a core construct in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Despite the increasing emphasis on participation-based outcomes in rehabilitation, existing tools lack cultural adaptations for Arab communities. Objective To develop, culturally adapt, and validate the Amro Adapted Participation Questionnaire (AAPQ) for elderly Arab populations, with an emphasis on the social, familial, religious, and leisure domains of participation. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 100 elderly participants from Palestinian communities. The AAPQ was developed via literature reviews, expert consultations, and focus groups. The items assess participation before and after the age of 60 years on a 0–10 scale. Validity (face, content, criterion) was established through expert panel review and initial correlation with self-reported engagement. Reliability was tested via test-retest reliability, interrater agreement, and internal consistency (Cronbach’s α). Results The AAPQ showed excellent test-retest reliability (Spearman r = 0.971, p < .001) and interrater agreement (r = 0.916, p < .001). The Cronbach’s α was 0.742, indicating acceptable internal consistency. The tool was rated as culturally relevant and conceptually aligned with the ICF domains. Conclusion The AAPQ is a valid and reliable tool for assessing participation in elderly Arab populations and may be applicable across the Arab world with minor contextual adaptations.