Energy Storage and Renewable Integration in Ghana: Socio-Technical Drivers, Barriers, and Policy Implications for Sustainability

The transition to renewable energy in Ghana necessitates efficient and sustainable energy storage systems. This study employs a mixed-methods approach to examine the adoption, performance, and barriers of current and emerging storage technologies. Survey data and stakeholder interviews reveal that lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries are widely used but constrained by high costs, maintenance demands, and limited lifespan. Emerging solutions, including solid-state batteries and hydrogen fuel cells, demonstrate greater efficiency, environmental benefits, and scalability. Regression analysis identifies perception, education, and income as significant predictors of adoption, consistent with Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Theory. Despite strong awareness, financial constraints and inadequate policy support hinder deployment. The study emphasizes the need for targeted incentives, technical training, and infrastructure development to enhance storage system integration. Findings contribute to understanding socio-technical drivers of energy system transformation and provide actionable insights for policy and planning toward sustainable energy development in sub-Saharan Africa.