Correlation of Admission Sodium Levels with 28-Day and 1-Year Mortality in STEMI Patients undergoing Emergency PCI

Objective: This study aims to elucidate the correlation between elevated sodium levels observed within the first 24 hours following hospital admission and all-cause mortality rates at both 28 days and 1 year post-discharge among patients diagnosed with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who have subsequently undergone emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Method: Collected serum sodium levels were measured upon admission, and follow-ups were made on all-cause mortality at 28 days and at 1 year post-discharge. For this present research, patients were divided into two groups according to their serum sodium levels on admission: the hyponatremia group, in which patients had a low level of sodium, and the hypernatremia group, in which sodium is high. In the present study, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between serum sodium level and 28-day and 1-year mortality among patients who underwent emergency PCI for STEMI. Result： Admission serum sodium levels showed a U-shaped association with 28-day and 1-year all-cause mortality in STEMI patients undergoing emergency PCI. Levels <143 mmol/L correlated with lower mortality risk, while levels >143 mmol/L were associated with higher risk. This relationship was consistent across subgroups, except for BMI, suggesting its potential role as a modifier in the sodium level-prognosis association. Conclusion: In STEMI patients undergoing emergency PCI, admission serum sodium levels showed a U-shaped association with mortality, with levels ≥143 mmol/L linked to increased risk. We recommend maintaining serum sodium within 141-143 mmol/L and implementing individualized management strategies.