Analysis of the relationships between breastfeeding self-efficacy, postpartum depression, and social support

Successful breastfeeding depends on both physiological and psychological factors. Maternal anxiety, stress, and depression can dramatically affect breastfeeding and reduce the mother's motivation and ability to perform this process. This study evaluates the relationships between breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE), postpartum depression (PPD), and social support in postpartum women. Methods : This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted in Hamadan City in 2024. The study population consisted of 240 randomly selected mothers who gave birth in the first 6 months after delivery. Data were collected using standard questionnaires, including a BSE questionnaire, the Edinburgh PPD scale, and a social support questionnaire. Data were analyzed with SPSS software using statistical methods such as mean, standard deviation, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results : The average ages of mothers and spouses were 29.77 ± 5.85 and 34.78 ± 5.42 years, respectively. A normal body mass index was measured in 55.8% of the mothers, and 90.8% were housewives. Examining the relationships between variables revealed a significant relationship between BSE and two types of social support. BSE showed a significant positive relationship with family social support (r = 0.212, p = 0.001) and general social support (r = 0.180, p = 0.005). Moreover, a significant negative relationship was observed between BFSE and PPD (r = -0.507, p < 0.001). However, social support was not related significantly to PPD. Conclusion : This study demonstrates that social support, especially family support, can play an important role in increasing BSE and reducing PPD. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to strengthen support networks in the postpartum period for mothers' psychological well-being.