Design and Optimization of Flexible Wearable Bowtie radiator for Healthcare Monitoring and WLAN Applications Using Machine Learning

This research presents a wearable dual-band type antenna designed for the Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN). The current structure of conformal radiator operates at WLAN frequencies of 2.40 GHz & 5.80 GHz featuring compact dimensions of 15 × 20 × 0.1 mm³. Specific absorption rate type (SAR) analysis confirms that radiator design adheres to standard requirement of 1.6 W/kg making it suitable for wearable applications. The radiator underwent comprehensive testing, evaluating its flexibility, performance and S-parameters across various bending radii ranging 20–40 mm. Additionally S ₁₁ was analyzed and distinguish under different on-body conditions. The measured versus simulated results of S ₁₁ and characteristics of radiation and gain demonstrate excellent agreement. Machine learning algorithms were utilized to optimize the wearable, flexible Bowtie Antenna for improving its return loss and VSWR metrics.