Clinical and Laboratory Analysis of Malignant Edema (Gas Gangrene) in Cattle in Ethiopia

This study documents a case of malignant edema in an adult local breed bovine in Ethiopia. The objective was to detail the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of malignant edema caused by Clostridium septicum. The affected animal, weighing 290 kg, exhibited symptoms including depression, anorexia, lameness, weakness, and swelling in the left forequarter, as well as edema in the dewlap region. The methodology involved a comprehensive clinical examination, bacterial culture, and Gram staining to confirm the presence of C. septicum. Clinical findings included an elevated respiratory rate, fever (41.7°C), and a hot, soft, and pasty edema initially localized in the knee joint, which subsequently extended to the dewlap. The affected area showed erythema and was intensely painful. Despite treatment with dexamethasone sodium phosphate, high doses of fortified procaine penicillin, multivitamin injections, and topical iodine application, the intervention proved ineffective, leading to the animal's death. This case underscores the need for further clinical and epidemiological research to enhance management and prevention strategies for malignant edema in the region.