Combined Effects of Global Monopole and Cosmic string on Electromagnetic Waves in Curved Space-time

In this work, we investigate the behavior of electromagnetic waves in curved space-time, specifically within the Ellis-Bronnikov-Morris-Thorne-type (EBMT) traversable wormhole geometry, under the combined influence of global monopoles and cosmic strings. We analyze Maxwell’s vacuum field equations in this geometry to understand how the wormhole structure, together with these topological defects, affects the propagation of electromagnetic f ields. By deriving and solving Maxwell’s equations analytically using special functions, we demonstrate that the wormhole throat radius plays a critical role in shaping the behavior of electromagnetic waves. Moreover, the presence of both the global monopole and cosmic string introduces notable modifications to the electromagnetic f ields, significantly altering wave dynamics compared to those in flat Minkowski space-time. Additionally, we examine the electromagnetic fields in Minkowski space-time under the combined effects of global monopoles and cosmic strings, obtaining analytical expressions for the fields and analyzing the results. These findings offer valuable insights into the complex interaction between electromagnetic phenomena and the geometry of curved space-time with topological defects. PACS Number: 04.20.Jb; 14.80.Hv; 03.50.De; 02.30.Gp; 02.30.Hq