Exploring garlic peel as a potential adsorbent for ammonia removal: a green and sustainable approach

Ammonia pollution poses significant environmental challenges, necessitating effective and sustainable solutions. We investigate the use of garlic absorbent derived from agricultural waste as a promising adsorbent material. The adsorption characteristics of these plant-absorbent are evaluated using the Langmuir isotherm model, demonstrating a significant capacity for ammonia absorption. The results show that the adsorption process is enhanced by increased biochar content, leading to improved removal rates. Optimal value for adsorbent dosage: often, higher dosages (e.g., 3.5 g/L for garlic removal, 300 mg/L of ammonia) are more effective, but the optimal dosage should balance efficiency with cost and practicality. Contact time is reached within 80 minutes. A speed of 250 rpm is commonly used for maintaining consistent mixing conditions, as seen in garlic absorbent studies. This research contributes to the development of eco-friendly technologies for managing ammonia emissions and highlights the potential of plant-based adsorbents in environmental remediation strategies.