Haplotype-resolved genome assembly of seed hemp (Cannabis sativa) revealed molecular divergence of Y chromosome evolution
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Seed hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an important economic dioecious plant with an XY sex chromosome system, yet its Y chromosome and sex-determining regions (SDR) have not been characterized. Here, we assembled a high-quality haplotype-resolved genome (female: 770.8 Mb; male: 804.7 Mb), and identified an 84 Mb SDR, covering 71% of the Y chromosome, via comparative genomics. X/Y divergence occurred ~37.7 Mya (Ks analysis). Resequencing 35 cannabis accessions revealed higher genetic diversity on the X chromosome. This study provides the first Y chromosome and SDR assembly in seed hemp, offering insights into sex differentiation in dioecious plants.
