Cold-Induced Pyroelectric Stimulation Enhances Implant Osteointegration via TRPM8 Activation
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Endogenous electrical signals inherent to native bone tissue are crucial for bone regeneration, yet recreating this bioelectrical microenvironment at peri-implant interface remains challenging. In this study, we engineered pyroelectric nanostructure coatings on titanium (Ti) implants to enhance implant osteointegration through temperature fluctuation-driven electrical stimulation. The pyroelectric titanium (pyroTi) implants leverage the combined effects of the pyroelectric effect and cold stimulation to amplify calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) influx by activating cold-sensitive transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) ion channel, therefore driving osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). As a demonstration, pyroTi as dental implants in rabbit maxilla showed enhanced osteointegration under routine cold-water intake. This study establishes a proof of concept for pyroelectric biomaterials that harness physiological temperature variations to potentiate bone-implant integration.
