Association of polymorphisms of CYP1A1 human gene with breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis

Background: Genetic polymorphisms in CYP genes may be associated with breast cancer development. We analyzed the association between polymorphisms in CYP gene with breast cancer development. Methods and results: CYP1A1*2A and CYP1A1*2C polymorphisms were analyzed in the 219 patients and 533 controls using molecular techniques. Hardy-Weinberg test and multiple logistic regression was used to clinical and histopathological associations with the polymorphisms. Kaplan Meyer curve was performed to evaluate recurrence and survival. p value <0.05 were considered significant. CYP1A*12A polymorphism was associated with an increased risk for breast cancer. Advanced age (OR=2.44; 95% CI=1.76-3.39; p<0.001) and alcohol consumption (OR=1.46; 95% CI=1.04-2.06; p=0.030) were identified as risk factors. CYP1A1*2C polymorphism (OR=0.18; 95% CI=0.05-0.63; p=0.007) was more frequent in tumors without distant metastasis. Among patients with CYP1A1*2A polymorphism (n=47), 12.77% experienced recurrence and 2.13% died. In the CYP1A1*2C group (n=93), 11.83% had recurrences and 2.15% died. Conclusion : CYP1A12A polymorphism is significant risk factor for breast cancer independent of alcohol consumption, highlights the importance of genetic screening in high-risk populations. Meanwhile, the CYP1A12C polymorphism's association with reduced distant metastasis suggests potential protective effects that warrant further investigation into therapeutic strategies mimicking this polymorphism's effects. CYP1A1 gene do not appear to influence tumor recurrence or overall survival, indicating the need for additional biomarkers to fully understand and predict patient outcomes. These findings emphasize the complexity of genetic contributions to breast cancer, the necessity of a balanced approach to carcinogen metabolism, and the importance of personalized medicine in improving prognostic and therapeutic strategies