A Multi-dimensional Aspects of Farmers’ Subjective Well-being of the Emerging Market: A SPAR-4-Systematic Literature Review

This study aims to understand the gaps in exploring the comprehensive or multi-dimensional nature of farmers' subjective well-being (SWB) in emerging markets where economic development and sustainability challenges intersect. This study addresses the gap by conducting “Scientific Procedures and Rationales for Systematic Literature Reviews" (SPAR-4-SLR) of 58 studies using the TCCM (Theory, Context, Characteristics, and Methodology) framework. The study reveals that economic well-being is the most explored dimension, followed by social and physical well-being. All the dimensions contribute to objective well-being, while political, cultural, and ecological well-being are relatively underrepresented. The findings also emphasize the interconnectedness of these dimensions, where economic stability often serves as a foundation for areas like health, social ties, and environmental sustainability. Again, the study underscores the need for more research to investigate overlooked intergenerational and spiritual well-being aspects. Policymakers are encouraged to integrate these multi-dimensional aspects into development strategies, which can contribute to achieving several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 4 (Quality education), SDG 8 (Decent work & Economic growth), SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities), and SDG 13 (Climate Action).