Impact of Metal Contamination in Sardinella aurita from the Gulf of Gabès on the Reproductive System of Male Rats

Background Heavy metal contamination poses serious threats to marine life, particularly species like Sardinella aurita, affecting their health and ecosystems. Methods This study examines the effects of diets supplemented with either white or red muscle from Sardinella aurita sourced from the Gulf of Gabes, on the reproductive health of male rats, focusing on biochemical, histological, and reproductive outcomes. Male Wistar rats were assigned to three groups: a control group, a group fed tuna muscle, and another fed sardinella muscle. Over a 60-day period, we measured serum testosterone levels, sperm counts, and testicular histology. Lead concentrations in fish muscle and rat testes were quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while histopathological evaluations involved staining tissue sections with hematoxylin and eosin. Results The findings indicate several concerning changes, including reduced testes weight, lower serum testosterone levels, and a decrease in both sperm count and motility. Furthermore, the study highlights an increase in testicular oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, alongside alterations in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Hematological changes were also observed, as well as the accumulation of heavy metals in both the fish muscle and the rat testes. Additionally, abnormalities in testicular histology were noted, indicating structural changes. Conclusions These results emphasize the potential reproductive risks linked to the consumption of fish contaminated with heavy metals, underscoring the importance of monitoring seafood safety and addressing environmental contamination to protect both marine life and human health.