Prevalence, knowledge of Hepatitis B and factors associated with Hepatitis B virus infection among expectant mothers attending antenatal care at China-Uganda Friendship Hospital, Naguru, Kampala, Uganda

Backgroun d: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are a significant public health concern globally, affecting about 3.2 % of the global population. Few studies have focused on expectant mothers, particularly in urban settings in Uganda. This study assessed the prevalence, knowledge of, and factors associated with HBV infection among expectant mothers attending antenatal care at China-Uganda Friendship Hospital, Naguru, a large urban tertiary hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 384 expectant mothers attending antenatal care from July 2024 to August 2024. Data on socio-demographics, HBV knowledge, maternal and behavioural factors were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. HBV status was also determined through serological testing using hepatitis B surface antigen kits. Associations between HBV infection and various factors were analysed using multivariable logistic regression with adjusted odds ratios (AOR) as the measure of association. Results: Among the 384 participants, the median age was 27 years, 336 (87.5%) were married, and their median gravidity was 2. The HBV prevalence was 2.6%, while most respondents (56.3%) had poor knowledge. Factors significantly associated with HBV infection included a positive family history of HBV (AOR 5.63; 95% CI: 1.26-25.06) and a history of body piercing (AOR 5.03; 95% CI: 1.24-20.33). Conclusion: HBV prevalence among expectant mothers at CUFHN was intermediate, and most participants had poor knowledge. Family history and body piercing were significant factors associated with HBV infections. We recommend awareness campaigns, risk-based education, and vaccination for women of reproductive age.