Analysis of the application value of endovascular interventional technology in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular malformations with limb hypertrophy

Objective This study aims to retrospectively analyze the clinical data of children diagnosed with vascular malformations associated with limb hypertrophy, treated at the General Surgery department of Liangjiang Branch of the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University. Additionally, it seeks to explore the diagnostic and therapeutic value of endovascular interventions for this condition. Methods This study conducts a retrospective analysis of the medical records of children with vascular malformations accompanied by limb hypertrophy who received treatment in our department. We summarize their medical history characteristics, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations, DSA (Digital Subtraction Angiography) results, intraoperative treatment methods, and follow-up data collected at least one year post-surgery to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic value of these interventions. Results This study included a total of 19 children, comprising 10 females and 9 males. The average age was 4 years, while the median age was 3 years and 1 month. The primary site of onset was the lower extremities. The disease types predominantly included arteriovenous malformation (AVM), Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTs), and Parkes-Weber syndrome (PWs). All children underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) surgery. During the operation, they were categorized into high-flow and low-flow groups based on their blood flow characteristics, and distinct treatment plans were implemented for each group. Postoperative follow-up revealed a significant decrease in limb skin temperature in the high-flow group before and after treatment (t = 9.266, p = 0.000), while the limb circumference in the low-flow group also decreased significantly (t = 5.701, p = 0.002). Additionally, differences were observed in the relief of symptoms such as limb limping, skin plaques, pain, and pruritus between the two groups. During the postoperative follow-up period, only one child with AVM experienced recanalization one year after the operation and subsequently underwent reoperation. Conclusions Vascular malformations associated with limb hypertrophy are relatively rare in clinical practice. Therefore, it is essential to enhance our understanding of these conditions to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. Endovascular interventional therapy offers significant advantages for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, making it worthy of wider adoption in clinical settings. Furthermore, treatment plans should be tailored to the specific clinical characteristics of each patient.