Decrypting spatiotemporal code of human endometrial receptivity

The mechanism underlying the establishment of human endometrial receptivity remains elusive, constituting a significant obstacle to advancing our knowledge of female infertility. This gap arises from the complexities associated with the dynamic alterations of location and gene expression of various cell types in distinct states, particularly due to the transient nature of the receptivity window. Via integrating spatiotemporal enhanced resolution omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq) with single-cell transcriptomic profiling, we constructed a spatiotemporal atlas of human endometrial receptivity at single-cell resolution. Our comprehensive study depicts detailed molecular topography governing the opening and closing of human endometrial receptivity. Notably, we identified stroma and epithelium-specifically localized factors and unraveled a previously unappreciated role of FGFs-FGFR2 signaling pathway in epithelial differentiation during the entering of receptivity. This spatiotemporal resolved receptivity code provides insightful understanding for the female fertility, with potential implications for the intervention of female infertility.