Screening and Identification of tsRNA Expression Profiles in Adriamycin-Resistant Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells

Background： Refractory and relapse, caused by resistance to chemotherapy, which is the primary treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), are the major hindrance in the cure of AML patients. Currently, tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are considered to be novel and potential non-coding RNAs that are involved in various cellular processes and play an important role in cancer progression. However, the expression of tsRNAs in AML resistant cells remain unclear. Methods： In this study, the expression profiles of tsRNAs in AML resistant cells were determined by arraystar small RNA microarray analysis, further detailed analysis and expression verification were carried out. Results： Our study reveals the distribution of tsRNA in AML resistant cells and confirms that expression of tsRNAs including up-regulated genes tRF5-GlyCCC and 5'tiRNA-GlnCTG, and 5'tiRNA-ArgTCG and tRF5-TyrGTA down-regulated genes in AML resistant cells. We further performed GO and KEGG analyses on the identified genes to better comprehend their molecular mechanisms. Conclusions： This study clarified the tsRNA expression profiles of AML drug-resistant cells and verified the differential tsRNA expression, suggesting that tRF5-GlyCCC and 5'tiRNA-GlnCTG may be biomarkers of poor prognosis in AML. Nevertheless, 5'tiRNA-ArgTCG and tRF5-TyrGTA may actively regulate AML to counter chemotherapy resistance. This provides a new insights for the mechanism and therapeutic targets of chemoresistance in AML.