Gender-Inclusive Governance in Rural Water Management: Women's Participation in Borehole Operations and Maintenance in Ghana

This study examines women's participation in borehole governance in rural Ghana, focusing on the Wa West District. Using a qualitative research approach, it explores the rules and regulations governing borehole operations and maintenance and the extent of women's involvement in formulating these regulations. Five communities (Ga, Dorimon, Zanko, Vieri, and Naaha) were selected based on accessibility, borehole presence, and active Water and Sanitation Management Teams (WSMTs). The study involved 37 community-level participants selected through purposive sampling. Data collection relied on primary sources, including focus group discussions (FGDs) in each community. Thematic analysis, conducted manually using an inductive approach, guided the data interpretation. Findings reveal that communities have formally prohibited children from operating boreholes due to misuse leading to breakdowns. To prevent damage, boreholes are locked when early signs of malfunction appear. Additionally, strict hygiene measures are enforced, prohibiting urination or defecation near boreholes. Both men and women participate in WSMT meetings, where ideas on borehole governance are shared without restrictions. Women, as primary borehole users, play a crucial role in decision-making and the formulation of operational rules. The study highlights the importance of a gender-inclusive approach in borehole governance for sustainable water management. Women's active participation strengthens local water management strategies beyond symbolic involvement. The study recommends that policymakers prioritize women's inclusion in decision-making to enhance community-based governance structures and ensure the long-term sustainability of rural boreholes.