BBC3 is a biomarker related to gastric cancer prognosis and immunity

Background BBC3, also known as PUMA, is a key apoptosis-related protein, and its dysregulated expression in various cancers is closely linked to tumorigenesis and progression. However, the functional role of BBC3 in gastric cancer remains underexplored. Methods This study aims to investigate the relationship between BBC3 and the prognosis as well as immune infiltration in gastric cancer, providing a potential molecular foundation for its immunotherapy, including clinical and pathological parameters, tumor immunity, copy number variation (CNV), methylation, and enrichment analysis. Furthermore, We employed single-cell sequencing technology to investigate the role of BBC3 in the immune microenvironment of gastric cancer. Immunohistochemistry was used to confirm the expression of the BBC3 gene in gastric cancer tissues. Furthermore, a ceRNA network regulating BBC3 was constructed. Results The results of differential expression analysis revealed that BBC3 expression was higher in gastric cancer tissues compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues. CNV and methylation were associated with abnormal BBC3 mRNA expression in tumor tissues. Survival analysis showed a significant correlation between BBC3 levels and the prognosis of gastric cancer, with elevated BBC3 expression being strongly associated with better clinical outcomes for patients. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that BBC3 is significantly enriched in pathways associated with tumorigenesis and immune suppression. Using single-cell sequencing data, we identified the distribution of BBC3 in gastric cancer tissues and its expression in immune cells within these tissues. The ceRNA network we constructed elucidated the molecular role of BBC3 in gastric cancer prognosis. Conclusion BBC3 is linked to tumor immunity and could serve as a biomarker for prognosis in gastric cancer patients.