Rapid and Aggressive Recurrence of Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma after Curative Resection: A Case Report

Background: Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare and aggressive subtype of non-small cell lung cancer with high recurrence and a poor response to conventional therapy. Early progression is common despite curative-intent surgery, highlighting the need for prompt and comprehensive treatment strategies. Case Presentation: A 41-year-old male underwent R0 resection for a large right lower lobe pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma. The patient initially declined adjuvant therapy. Despite negative margins and no nodal involvement, the patient experienced aggressive pleural recurrence within two months. Systemic chemotherapy was initiated after recurrence. Conclusions: This case illustrates the rapid and aggressive nature of pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma and the limitations of surgery alone. Early multidisciplinary management, including timely initiation of immunotherapy, may be critical in improving outcomes for patients with resected pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma.