Morphotaxonomical and anatomical characterisation of Achillea millefolium L. : A therapeutic medicinal plant

Yarrow, or Achillea millefolium L., a species belonging to the family Asteraceae, it is the most important angiospermic family in the world. Native to temperate zones of the northern hemisphere. This plant shows a most significant medicinal plant with substantial therapeutic benefits. Plant shows anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antifungal activities. properties. This study provides the morphological and anatomical features of A. millefolium , and focuses on various parts of plant, such as root, rhizome, stem, leaves, and petiole, and includes macroscopic and powdered investigations also. Morphological identification features were observed, such as feathery leaves and unique inflorescences. Microscopic studies explained the complicated anatomical structures of roots, rhizomes, stems, and leaves, anticipating the various cell types, vascular variations, and secretory ducts. Three types of trichomes found in the the plants parts i.e. Uniseriate, multicellular, conical non-glandular trichomes; non-glandular trichomes with elongated apical cells and glandular trichomes with globose heads. Biostatistical analysis also use to examine the stomatal index on both the surface of leaf, palisade ratio, and vein terminations, intensify to understandthe structure of leaf. Leaf showed one type of stomata i.e. anomocytic, stomatal index 7.38 on abaxial and 8.78 on adaxial side Moreover, powdered studies shows these unique characters such as glandular trichomes, epidermal cells, stomata and tracheary elements. This study provides the key role of taxonomical and anatomical characteristics for identification and standardisation of A. millefolium . This is essential to ensure the efficacy, safety, and quality of herbal based medicines formed from this plant. By effectively distinguishing A. millefolium from possible adulterants and substitutes, this study will be helpful for the pharmaceutical and herbal formulations, and provides a therapeutic outcomes.