Assessing drought related to global climate phenomena Using Sentinel-3 SLSTR Data around East Java, Indonesia

Drought is a critical environmental issue with far-reaching impacts on ecosystems, human livelihoods, and agricultural productivity. In East Java, Indonesia, where agriculture heavily depends on stable climatic conditions, understanding drought patterns is essential for effective environmental management. This study utilizes Sentinel-3 SLSTR (Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer) data to analyze land surface temperature (LST) variations and their relationship with global climate phenomena, particularly El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The study spans from 2021 to 2023, monitoring LST changes and validating them against in situ temperature data from meteorological stations. Results indicate a strong correlation between LST anomalies and ENSO phases, with El Niño events worsening drought conditions through increased temperatures and reduced precipitation. The findings also reveal that drought severity varies spatially, with the northern regions experiencing more prolonged dry periods compared to the southern, topographically diverse areas. This study highlights the importance of remote sensing technologies in tracking climatic variations and emphasizes the necessity for adaptive strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on water resources and food security. These insights contribute to a better understanding of regional drought dynamics and provide a foundation for developing more effective early warning systems and policy interventions to enhance resilience against future droughts.