The role of physical activity and sports practice in enhancing emotional and social well-being among preadolescents: A multinational perspective

Purpose Physical activity and sports practice (PASP) is a recognized determinant of emotional and social well-being in children and preadolescents. However, the interplay of PASP with gender, age, and sociocultural factors remains underexplored in a global context. This study examines these relationships to inform inclusive strategies for promoting well-being. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 41,447 preadolescents (9–11 years) from 34 countries assessed PASP levels (low, moderate, high) and their associations with emotional well-being, perceived parental support, and satisfaction with the home environment. Statistical analyses included ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests to explore the main effects and interactions of PASP with gender and age on well-being outcomes. Results Higher PASP levels were significantly associated with improved emotional well-being, greater parental support, and higher home satisfaction compared to low and moderate PASP levels. Interaction effects revealed disparities by gender and age, with boys generally reporting higher satisfaction under high PASP levels compared to girls. Older preadolescents exhibited declining well-being scores across all PASP levels, highlighting developmental differences. Conclusions The findings underscore the multifaceted impact of PASP on preadolescent well-being across diverse demographic and cultural contexts.