Computational Analysis of the Impacts of Inner Obstacles and Periodic Heating on Heat Transfer for Natural Convection Fluid Flow Inside a Square Chamber

The results of this research have wide-ranging engineering and industrial implications , especially in the areas of electronic cooling, industrial heat exchangers, energy-efficient building design, and thermal management system optimization. The results advance energy storage technology, improve thermal insulation techniques, and improve HVAC system performance. The findings are also useful for microfluidic devices and aerodynamic design, whenever appropriate regulation of fluid flow as well as warmth exchange is crucial for dependability and efficiency. Here uses the finite element Galerkin method to examine transmission of heat properties and natural convection circulate movement in a square cavity with an inside insulated rectangular obstruction. The cavity’s right boundary is maintained at a steady cold the outside temperature , the upper layer and obstacle walls are adiabatic, and the left and bottom walls are heated unevenly. With COMSOL Multiphysics, the Boussinesq approximation-based governing equations for steady-state natural convection (NC) are numerically resolved. To guarantee the accuracy of the solution, a grid independence test is performed. For Ra ranging from 10 ³ to 10 ⁶ , the impacts of Rayleigh number (Ra) on velocity, isotherm contours, and Nusselt number distribution are examined. The findings indicate that raising Ra promotes convective motion, which causes heat transfer to move from regimes dominated by conduction to those dominated by convection. Ra considerably raises maximum velocity, and temperature gradients close to heated and cooled walls get steeper. As Ra increases, the Nusselt number distribution shows better convective heat transmission, especially at the bottom and left heated walls.