Design and evaluation of fast-release glucose granules for self-management of hypoglycemia

Background: Hypoglycemia is a critical condition requiring rapid glucose replenishment. The current pharmaceutical market in Pakistan lacks glucose formulations that meet standard criteria for self-management of hypoglycemia This study aimed to develop and evaluate fast-release glucose granules to facilitate effective self-management of hypoglycemia. Methods: Three glucose formulations (F1, F2, and F3) were developed using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), Avicel, and starch as excipients. Wet granulation was employed for granule preparation, with F1 and F2 formulated without a binding agent, while F3 incorporated starch as a binder. The formulations were assessed for flow properties, percentage yield, and dissolution characteristics. Drug release was analyzed using USP Dissolution Apparatus II, and glucose concentration was determined via UV-visible spectroscopy at 658 nm. Results: All formulations exhibited excellent flow properties, with F3 showing the highest percentage yield (84.2%) due to the presence of starch. Dissolution studies revealed fast and efficient glucose release, with F1 demonstrating the highest release (84.89% at 15 minutes), followed by F3 (84.23%) and F2 (78.00%). The presence of starch in F3 did not hinder drug release but improved yield. Conclusion: Fast-release glucose granules offer a promising approach for self-management of hypoglycemia in non-clinical settings. This study demonstrated their in-vitro efficacy, highlighting favorable flow properties, percentage yield, and rapid drug release. Further in vivo studies are required to confirm clinical efficacy and safety. If validated, this novel formulation could provide a cost-effective and accessible solution for managing hypoglycemia, potentially reducing mortalities, morbidities, and healthcare costs.