Therapy Effects of Wolbachia as Macrofilaricidal and Microfilaricidal Against Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Cardiac Dirofilariasis and Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia Accompanied by Creeping Eruption, Intraocular Filariasis, Delirium and Galectin-3

Intoduction: Wolbachia, an endosymbiotic bacterium, has been the subject of intensive research due to its potential as a macrofilaricidal and microfilaricidal agent, especially in the control of diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, such as Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF), Cardiac Dirofilariasis, and Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia (TPE). In addition, associations with phenomena such as Creeping Eruption and Intraocular Filariasis are also the focus of attention. Objective: This research aims to present a comprehensive understanding of the impact of Wolbachia therapy on DHF, Cardiac Dirofilariasis, TPE, as well as other phenomena, considering the variation of impact in different age groups. Methods: Comprehensive searches are carried out in a variety of key databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus. The articles included original research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published over the past five years. The design of the research included clinical trials, and observational studies (cohorts, case controls). Data extraction is carried out independently by three evaluators. Similar results from random clinical trials and observational studies were collected using GRADE pro software and presented in the form of a risk ratio (RR), with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: Vector manipulation using Wolbachia can be an innovative method in efforts to prevent arbovirus disease (Evidence quality: B). Wolbachia surface protein (rWSP) in cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis can increase the pro-angiogenic VEGF- A and reduce the anti-angiogenesis endoglin, potentially affecting angiogenesis depending on the balance between associated mechanisms. (Evidence quality: B). There is an effect of Wolbachia intervention against as an overall microfilaricidal agent in several zones and in an environmental level analysis that considers the quintile prevalence of wMel in the local population. (Evidence quality: B). Wolbachia release to control diseases transmitted by insects may be successful, but its spread is influenced by host fitness, demographic factors, and environmental factors. (Evidence quality: B).