Relationship between intrinsic capacity domains and the evolution of quality of life in older adults in Europe: a differential approach between men and women based on the SHARE study.

Introduction This study explores the relationship between the domains of intrinsic capacity and quality of life in older adults in Europe, with particular focus on sex and regional differences. It confirms that intrinsic capacity is a multidimensional construct involving interconnected components such as mobility, cognitive function, mental health, and general health. Methods An exploratory factor analysis was conducted using data from the SHARE study (Waves 5-6), a longitudinal multinational project. The analysis focused on 11,493 older adults aged 50 and above, residing in 13 European countries. Sociodemographic, health, and socio-economic factors were considered, including variables like mobility difficulties, cognitive performance, depressive symptoms, and self-reported health. The study used harmonized surveys and representative probabilistic sampling to ensure comparability across countries. Results The results show significant differences between men and women, with women experiencing greater deterioration in key domains such as cognition, mobility, and mental health. Women exhibited higher levels of cognitive decline, which is linked to longer life expectancy and greater exposure to chronic diseases. Social determinants, such as education level and economic status, were found to have a significant impact on QoL and intrinsic capacity, with women in socially vulnerable situations showing higher rates of mental health deterioration, chronic diseases, and economic decline. Regional differences also played a role, with notable variations in health outcomes across european regions. Conclusion Mental health, mobility, and cognition are key determinants of intrinsic capacity and quality of life in older adults. This study highlights the importance of multidimensional approaches and interventions tailored to sex and regional differences to promote healthy aging.