Hospital-Based Survey of Malaria and Anaemia among Children 6–10 Years and Pregnant Women in Nkanu West Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria

Background Malaria remains a significant public health concern, disproportionately impacting vulnerable populations in resource-limited settings. A study conducted in Nkanu West Local Government Area between March and June 2023 investigated malaria prevalence and associated anaemia in children (6–10 years) and pregnant women attending a local hospital. Methods The methodological approach, utilizing both microscopy and RDTs, provided a robust assessment of malaria prevalence. Microscopic analysis confirmed parasite presence, while RDTs offered a rapid and complementary diagnostic tool. This dual approach enhanced the accuracy and reliability of the study’s findings. Result Employing both microscopic examinations of stained blood films and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), the study revealed alarmingly high malaria prevalence rates of 70.3% and 65.5% in children and pregnant women, respectively. Results indicated significant variations in infection rates. Female children exhibited higher prevalence compared to males, and 7-year-olds showed the highest infection rates among children. Pregnant women in their first trimester and those aged 26–30 years also displayed elevated infection rates. Furthermore, a correlation was observed between malaria infection and reduced pack cell volume, particularly in 8-year-old children and women in their third trimester, highlighting the detrimental impact on hematological health. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions, including sex-specific strategies, age-appropriate preventative measures, and geographically tailored approaches to address the persistent and substantial public health challenge posed by malaria in this specific demographic. Sustained and precisely targeted strategies for effective prevention and treatment are crucial to mitigate the enduring burden of malaria. Conclusion Research confirms malaria's persistent threat to children and pregnant women, demanding continuous monitoring and intervention enhancement nationwide. Focus should include community awareness campaigns emphasizing early detection and intervention, routine hematological testing, environmental sanitation, and insecticide-treated net usage, particularly during antenatal care.