The use of the modified Beer-Lambert law to improve biomolecular detection: diagnosing hemoglobin disorders and identifying pathogens

Biomolecule detection techniques are still a top priority in modern research because they are essential for clinical point-of-care diagnostics. This is especially true for pathogens like viruses and bacteria. Hemoglobin disorders, including thalassemia and sickle cell disease, substantially hinder oxygen transport and overall health. Hemoglobinopathies like methemoglobin (MetHb), carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), and sulfhemoglobin (SulHb) are difficult to diagnose because blood samples break down quickly after being collected, making it difficult to do an accurate and quick analysis. The Beer-Lambert Law (BLL), which is the basis of absorbance spectroscopy, is used a lot in analytical methods because it gives accurate quantitative data with little sample preparation. The Modified Beer-Lambert Law (MBLL) builds on the basic idea by adding scattering effects and uneven mediums. This versatility makes it especially useful for biological systems that are very complicated. Its integration simplifies the process of obtaining precise concentration readings and monitoring metabolic activities in real-time, particularly in environments such as cloudy or scattering blood. The MBLL is used to think about hemoglobin diseases, and Matlab is used to look at the optical properties of MetHb, COHb, and SulHb. The MBLL correlates light absorbance with the concentration of absorbing species, facilitating a more profound comprehension of the spectroscopic characteristics of various hemoglobin derivatives. This method makes diagnosis more accurate and shows how advanced spectroscopic modeling can be used to solve clinical problems related to hemoglobinopathies.