Exploring an Interplay of Sociocultural Contexts and Health Systems in Snakebite Envenoming Management in Rural Himachal Pradesh: A Qualitative Study of Community Perspectives and Practices

India bears a disproportionate burden of global snakebite deaths, accounting for nearly 50%, yet knowledge and awareness of effective management practices remain critically low. This qualitative study, employing focus group discussions and key informant interviews in rural Himachal Pradesh, India, investigated community perceptions, knowledge, and practices surrounding snakebite envenoming. Thematic analysis revealed that the communities employed a dual healthcare strategy for snakebites, blending traditional healing methods like herbal remedies and faith-based rituals with, or preceding, the use of conventional medical treatments. Awareness of government healthcare did not translate to accurate snakebite treatment knowledge, as ineffective practices like tourniquets and herbal remedies were common. Consequently, the study underscores the necessity for targeted public health interventions to enhance community education, improve access to appropriate medical care, and facilitate the integration of validated traditional practices within a contemporary healthcare framework to mitigate snakebite-related morbidity and mortality.